Cr,Tm,Ho:YAG
Cr, Tm, Ho: YAG is a high efficient laser crystal pumped by a Xenon lamp or diode with a wavelength of 2.1μm. The pump source mainly originates from the flashlamp energy absorbed by Cr3+, Ho3+ is a working ion, and Tm3+ acts as an intermediary to transfer energy. 2.1 μm laser wave can be absorbed by water very well, transmits atmosphere easily, and is safe to the eye. Therefore, it is widely used in medical treatment, laser radar, the military, etc. Moreover, a 2.1 μm laser is an ideal pump source for a 3-5 μm mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator.
Cr, Tm, Ho: YAG is a highly efficient laser crystal pumped by a Xenon lamp or diode with a wavelength of 2.1μm. The pump source mainly originates from the flashlamp energy absorbed by Cr3+. Ho3+ is a working ion, and Tm3+ acts as an intermediary to transfer energy. 2.1 μm laser wave can be absorbed by water very well, transmits atmosphere easily, and is safe to the eye. Therefore, it is widely used in medical treatment, laser radar, the military, etc. Moreover, a 2.1 μm laser is an ideal pump source for a 3-5 μm mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator.
Features of Cr, Tm, Ho: YAG:
- Wide absorption band
- Working at room temperature
- 2.1 mm lasing wavelength is for the eye
- High slope efficiency
- It can be pumped by a flashlamp or diode
Material Specifications
| Doping Concentration | Ho:0.3~0.4at% Cr:0.3~1.2at% Tm:5~6at% |
| Wavefront Aberration | <λ/4@632nm |
| Extinction Ratio | ≥25 dB |
| Size | Diameter:3~6mm,Length:50~120mm |
| Size Tolerance | Diameter:+0.00/-0.05mm, Length: ± 0.5mm |
| Precision Grinding | 50-80 Micro Inches(RMS) |
| Parallelism | ≤30″ |
| Perpendicularity | ≤5′ |
| Flatness | λ/10@ 633 nm |
| Surface Finish | 10/5 Scratch / Digper MIL-O-1380A |
| Chamfer | 0.006″±0.002″ at 45°± 5° |
| High Permeable Film Reflectivity | ≤ 0.25% (@2094nm) |
Physical and Chemical Properties
| Structure | Cubic |
| Lattice Constant | 12.01Å |
| Melting Point | 1970°C |
| Density | 4.56g/cm3 |
| Orientation | <111> or <100]> 5° |
| Thermal Expansion | 7.8×10-6 /K |
| Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity | 14W/m/K, 20°C；10.5W/m/K, 100°C |
| Mohs hardness | 8.5 |
| Dielectric Constant | 11.7 |
Optical and Spectral Properties
| Laser Transition | 5I7 → 5I8 |
| Laser Wavelength | 2.094 µm |
| Photon Energy | 9.55 x 10–20 J |
| Radiation Cross Section | 7 x 10-21 cm2 |
| Fluorescence Lifetime | 8.5 ms |
| Refractive Index | 1.80 @2.08 µm |
| Aperture | >90% |
| Absorption Line Width | 4 nm |
| Diode Pump Band | 781 nm |
| Main Pump Belt | 400~800 nm |
Absorption and Emission Spectra
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References
| [1] Tonelli M , Falconieri M , Lanzi A , et al. Comparison of Tm-sensitized Ho:Yag and Ho:YLF crystals for a laser-pumped 2 μm CW oscillator[J]. Optics Communications, 1996, 129(1-2):62-68. |
| [2] Kaczmarek S M , ?Endzian W , ?Ukasiewicz T , et al. Effects of gamma irradiation and annealing treatments on the performance of Cr;Tm;Ho:YAG lasers[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 1998, 54(13):2109-2116. |
| [3] Cheng L , Shen D , Jie S , et al. Flash-lamp pumped normal-mode and Q-switched Cr–Tm:YAG laser performance at room temperature[J]. Optics Communications, 1999, 164(1-3):63-67. |
| [4] M, Falconieri, and, et al. Fluorescence dynamics in an optically-excited Tm,Ho:YAG crystal[J]. Optical Materials, 1997. |
| [5] Zhang H , Sun D , Luo J , et al. Growth and spectroscopic properties of the 2.9μm Tm,Ho:LuYAG laser crystals[J]. Optical Materials, 2015, 47:490-494. |
| [6] Dou R , Zhang Q , Liu W , et al. Growth, structure, chemical etching, and spectroscopic properties of a 2.9 μm Tm,Ho:GdYTaO4 laser crystal[J]. Optical Materials, 2015, 48:80-85. |
| [7] Yang X T , Mu Y L , Zhao N B . Ho:SSO solid-state saturable-absorber Q switch for pulsed Ho:YAG laser resonantly pumped by a Tm:YLF laser[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2018, 107:398-401. |
| [8] R Müller, Fuhrberg P , Teichmann H O , et al. Pulsed and cw Cr,Tm:YAG laser with simultaneous diode and flashlamp excitation[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2005, 37(7):570-576. |
| [9] Liu, C, Zhao, et al. Stable kilo-hertz electro-optically Q-switched Tm,Ho:YAP laser at room temperature.[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2016. |
| [10] Lancaster D G , Dawes J M . Thermal-lens measurement of a quasi steady-state repetitively flashlamp-pumped Cr, Tm, Ho:YAG laser[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 1998, 30(2):103-108. |
| [11] Saiki T , Motokoshi S , Imasaki K , et al. Two-pass amplification of CW laser by Nd/Cr:YAG ceramic Active mirror under lamp light pumping[J]. Optics Communications, 2009, 282(5):936-939. |
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