CLBO
CLBO (Cesium Lithium Borate, CsLiB6O10) is a new type of nonlinear crystal. It has a wide transparent spectral range (175~2800 nm), a high nonlinear coefficient, 2.2 times that of KDP, and a small dispersion angle.
The laser damage threshold is high, up to 26GW/cm2, and the multiplicative conversion efficiency is 60% (SHG). It can work at room temperature and is well suited for Nd: YAG lasers to produce 4w (266 nm) and 5w (213 nm) octave light output. It can be used for UV parametric oscillation (OPG) and parametric amplification (OPA).
Features of CLBO Nnonlinear Crystal:
- Small discrete angle
- Low absorption coefficient
- High frequency conversion efficiency
- Easy-to-grow single crystal
- High laser damage threshold
- Efficient nonlinear optical coefficients
- Its uv absorption edge reaches 180 nm
- Larger angle, spectral and temperature bandwidth values
Physical and Chemical Properties
| Attribute | Numerical |
| Chemical Formula | CsLiB6O10 |
| Crystal Structure | Tetragonal Negative Uniaxial Crystal，42 m |
| Lattice Constant | a=10.494Å,c = 8.939Å,Z=4 |
| Mass Density | 2.461 g/cm3 |
| Mohs Hardness | 5.5 |
| Melting Point | 1118 K |
| Molecular Mass | 364.706 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 1.25 W/m K |
Nonlinear Optical Properties
| Attribute | 数值 |
| NLO Coefficient | deff(I)=d36sinθmsin(2φ) |
| deff(II)=d36sin(2θm)cos(2φ) | |
| Thermal Coefficient of Light | dno/dT=-1.9*10-6/℃ |
| dne/dT=-0.5*10-6/℃ | |
| Damage Threshold | 26 GW/cm2 |
| Wavelength（nm） | 532 + 532 = 266 |
| 1064 + 266 = 213 | |
| Phase Supporting Frame（°） | 61.7 |
| 68.4 | |
| Flow Rate（pm / V） | 0.84 |
| 0.87 | |
| Angle Tolerance（mrad·cm） | 0.49 |
| 0.42 | |
| Declination（°） | 1.83 |
| 1.69 | |
| Spectral Acceptability（nm·cm） | 0.13 |
| 0.16 | |
| Temperature Acceptability（℃·cm） | 8.3 |
| 4.6 |
Linear Optical Properties
| Attribute | Value |
| Transparent Range | 180-2750 nm |
| Absorption Coefficient | 0.0013 cm−1 |
| Refractive Index | |
| 1.064 micron | ne = 1.4340, no = 1.4838 |
| 0.532 micron | ne = 1.4445, no = 1.4971 |
| Sellmeier Equation (λinμm) | no2 = 2.2104+0.01018/(λ2-0.01424)-0.01258λ2 |
| ne2 = 2.0588+0.00838/(λ2-0.01363)-0.00607λ2 | |
Experimental Value of Refractive Index
| λ[µm] | no | ne |
| 0.42 | 1.5058 | 1.4517 |
| 0.45 | 1.503 | 1.4493 |
| 0.48 | 1.5006 | 1.4474 |
| 0.5 | 1.4991 | 1.4462 |
| 0.532 | 1.4971 | 1.4445 |
| 0.56 | 1.4957 | 1.4434 |
| 0.59 | 1.4943 | 1.4422 |
| 0.61 | 1.4935 | 1.4414 |
| 0.6328 | 1.4928 | 1.4409 |
| 0.67 | 1.4915 | 1.4398 |
| 0.7 | 1.4907 | 1.4392 |
| 0.72 | 1.4902 | 1.4387 |
| 1.064 | 1.4838 | 1.434 |
Experimental Values for Phase Matching Temperature, Internal Angle and Temperature Bandwidth
| Interaction Wavelength[μm] | θpm [deg] | T [◦C] | Δθint [deg] | ΔT [◦C] |
| SHG, o + o ⇒ e | ||||
| 0.946 ⇒ 0.473 | 90 | -15 | 5 | |
| 0.5235 ⇒0.26175 | 65.8 | ~160 | ||
| 0.5321 ⇒ 0.26605 | 62 | ~140 | ||
| 61.4 | 20 | 0.23 | 6.2 | |
| 1.0642 ⇒0.5321 | 29.5 | 20 | 0.043 | 52.7 |
| 1.3382 ⇒ 0.6691 | 27.7 | 20 | 68.7 | |
| SFG, o + o ⇒ e | ||||
| 1.0642 + 0.26605 ⇒ 0.21284 | 67.3 | 20 | 3.6 | |
| 1.547 + 0.221 ⇒0.19338 | 61.7 | 150 | ||
| 1.9079 + 0.2128 ⇒ 0.1914 | 55 | 20 | 1.2 | |
| 1.0642 + 0.35473 ⇒ 0.26605 | 50.6 | 20 | 6.1 | |
| 1.0642 + 0.5321 ⇒ 0.35473 | 39.1 | 20 | 18 | |
| SHG, e + o ⇒ e | ||||
| 1.0642 ⇒0.5321 | 42.4 | 20 | 49.4 | |
| SFG, e + o ⇒ e | ||||
| 1.9079 + 0.2128 ⇒ 0.1914 | 57.4 | 20 | 1.1 | |
| 1.0642 + 0.5321 ⇒ 0.35473 | 48.9 | 20 | 17 | |
Spectrum
 |  |
| The second harmonic conversion efficiency is calculated as a function of input basic pulse energy | CLBO transmission spectrum |
 |  |
| Refractive index dispersion | The phase of type I and II varies with the length of the fundamental wave |
References
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| [2] AE Kokh, Kononova N G , Lisova I A , et al. CsLiB6O10 crystal: forth and fifth-harmonic generation in Nd:YAP laser[J]. Proceedings of SPIE – The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2001, 4268. |
| [3] Lv X , Yuan J L , Dai Y , et al. Study on Ultra-Precise Machining of CLBO Crystal[J]. Key Engineering Materials, 2006, 304-305:398-402. |
| [4] Mori Y , Kuroda I , Nakajima S , et al. New nonlinear optical crystal: Cesium lithium borate[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 1995, 67(13):1818-1820. |
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| [6] Sasaki T , Mori Y , Kuroda I , et al. Caesium Lithium Borate: a New Nonlinear Optical Crystal[J]. Acta Crystallographica, 2010, 51(11):2222-2224. |
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