LiNbO3

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LiNbO3 (Lithium Niobate) crystals are negative uniaxial crystals with a space group of R3c (C9) and a transmission range of 400~5000 nm. They also have the advantages of large effective nonlinear coefficients, easy growth, low price, stable physical and chemical properties, and are not susceptible to deliquescence. They are widely used as dual-frequency lasers with wavelengths greater than 1 mm and 1064 nm optical parametric oscillator (OPOs) pumps as well as quasi-phase-matching (QPM) devices.

Features of LiNbO3 Crystals:

  • Small volume
  • Not susceptible to deliquescence
  • High temperature stability
  • Large electro-optical coefficient
  • Wide range of transparency
  • High electro-optical efficiency
  • Low absorption loss
  • Low damage threshold
  • Easy to grow into large crystals
  • Stable mechanical and chemical properties

Physical and Optical Properties

Chemical FormulaLiNbO3
Crystal Structure
Trigonal
Space GroupR3C
Density
4.64 g/cm3
Mohs Hardness
5
Optical Uniformity~ 5 x 10-5 / cm
Transparency range
420 – 5200 nm
Absorption Coefficient
~ 0.1 % / cm @ 1064 nm
Refractive Index @1064 nmne = 2.146, no = 2.220 @ 1300 nm
ne = 2.156, no = 2.232 @ 1064 nm
ne = 2.203, no = 2.286 @ 632.8 nm
Sellmeier Equation（λ，μm）no2 = 4.9048 + 0.11768 / (λ2 – 0.04750) – 0.027169λ2
ne2 = 4.5820 + 0.099169 / (λ2 – 0.04443) – 0.021950λ2
Thermal Coefficient of Expansion @ 25°C//a, 2.0 x 10-6 / K
//c, 2.2 x 10-6 / K
Thermal Conductivity
~ 5 W/m/K @ 25 °C
Thermal-optical coefficientdno/dT = -0.874 x 10-6 / K @ 1.4 µm
dne/dT = 39.073 x 10-6 / K @ 1.4 µm

Nonlinear Optical Properties

NLO Coefficientd33 = 34.4 pm/V
d31 = d15 = 5.95 pm/V
d22 = 3.07 pm/V
Effective NLO Coefficientdeff =5.7 pm/V or ~14.6 x d36 (KDP) for frequency doubling 1300 nm;
deff =5.3 pm/V or ~13.6 x d36 (KDP) for OPO pumped @ 1064 nm;
deff =17.6 pm/V or ~45 x d36 (KDP) for quasi-phase-matched structure.
Electro-optic Coefficient
gT33 = 32 pm/V,  gS33 = 31 pm/V,
gT31 =10 pm/V,  gS31=8.6 pm/V,
gT22 = 6.8 pm/V, gS22= 3.4 pm/V,
Half-wave Voltage, DC
E|| z，Light⊥z：3.03 KV
E|| x or y，Light|| z：4.02 KV
Damage Threshold
100 MW/cm2 (10 ns, 1064nm)

LiNbO3 optical waveguide specifications

Operating Wavelength Range1.525-1.605μm
Extinction Ratio
＜20dB
Half-wave Voltage
＜6V
DC Bias Voltage＜8V
Input Characteristic Impedance50Ω
Light Reflex
≤-50dB
Maximum Input Power20dBm
Maximum Input Optical Power10-100mW
Storage Temperature-40-85℃
Working Temperature-40-70℃

Spectra

LiNbO3 Raman spectra of nonlinear crystals-CRYLINK
Raman spectra of LiNbO3 at room temperature with excitation wavelength of 532nm

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